Breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway impacts a plethora of immunological processes, ranging from the starvation of invading bacteria to the induction of immunotolerance and the modulation of neurological diseases.

by Dr Adli Ali Vaccine controversies and anti-vaccine movements are not something new. They began some 90 years ago in the early 20th century, even before the term “vaccination” was formally used. Let us now revisit what we may consider to be the 7 most scientifically …

by Suet Lin Chia At a Glance: Cancer has been haunting the human population for centuries. Despite the availability of various current treatments, the number of cancer patients is on the rise. This article discusses an alternative treatment for cancer– cancer virotherapy, a concept of using …

by Juliana Ariffin Did you know that if you went back in time, most of you would be immune to some of the most devastating diseases that have ravaged humankind in the past? We owe this invisible armour that we possess to the hard work …

Although the Phase III clinical studies showed that Dengvaxia® was efficacious with satisfactory safety profile, we still have to continue monitoring the vaccine for long-term adverse effect by developing suitable models and active collaborations to decipher the immunological mechanisms that might be triggered by the vaccine. We also require a thorough cost-benefit analysis to determine the best option for dengue vaccination program in Malaysia. Besides, we should not neglect other approaches such as vector control and dengue hotspot identification that can benefit other mosquito-borne diseases (e.g. malaria).